onspiracy theories are a grand old American tradition — the
mother of them all being the speculation surrounding President John F.
Kennedy's assassination. In the entertainment field, paranoia sells — from
the novels of Tom Clancy to the "X-Files" to an endless series of
Hollywood blockbusters. After pornography, among the most visited sites on
the Internet are those devoted to conspiracies.
But what if it's all true? The conspiracy industry, with its mostly
unproved if not unprovable charges of vast webs of shadowy operatives,
secret political alliances and illicit money channels, has been given a
boost by recent events. The Sept. 11 attacks provided a glimpse into a
world of loosely bound international terrorist cells while inspiring a
host of wild charges about the secret involvement of the United States and
other governments. The Enron scandal uncovered a network of off-the-books
partnerships, and, more recently, the director Michael Moore announced
that his next documentary, "Fahrenheit 911," would delve into connections
between the Bush and bin Laden families.
Mark Lombardi would not have been surprised, as can be seen in "Global
Networks," an exhibition of his delicate filigree drawings that map his
version of the flow of global capital. The show opens on Saturday at the
Drawing Center in SoHo and remains on view through Dec. 17. In these
works, solid and broken lines, circles and squiggles enmesh the names of
organizations and individuals in webs of often surprising
interconnections. One drawing charts the workings of the Vatican Bank, in
the process linking its directors to the Mafia and the illegal transport
of firearms.
Another purports to show how Iraq was armed in the 1980's through a
secret scheme supposedly involving the top levels of the American and
British governments and Italy's largest bank, the Banca Nazionale del
Lavoro. Yet another follows the course by which the Bank of Commerce and
Credit, International (B.C.C.I.) was accused of having become a funnel for
a variety of illegal operations, including laundering drug money,
supporting the Iran-Contra operation and backing Afghan Mujahedeen
fighters. Lombardi died, a suicide, at 48 in March 2000. (Conspiracy theories
notwithstanding, those closest to him cite a series of personal
reversals.) Since then, his work has attracted a growing body of admirers.
One of them is Robert Hobbs, a professor of art history at Virginia
Commonwealth University and the curator of this exhibition, which was
organized under the auspices of Independent Curators Inc.
Mr. Hobbs first encountered Lombardi's work through a review in Art in
America magazine in June 1999. Immediately, he was impressed by its sheer
beauty, by the delicacy of the curving lines, delineating abstract force
fields created by the global movement of money. He describes the works
variously as webs, rhizomes and constellations. "It was a mental and
visual seduction," he said. Mr. Hobbs was also intrigued that the drawings showed only a sliver of
a larger, inaccessible reality. "The drawings exist," he said, "between
what is known — the people, the organizations, the court judgments — and
the unknown, which is what is between them. In that sense, they are about
the difference between the ideal and the real."
Mr. Hobbs never got a chance to meet the artist. But after hearing of
Lombardi's death, he resolved to do something to bring the work to a
larger audience. This turned out to be a job of monumental proportions.
Along with a studio full of complex, meticulously delineated drawings,
Lombardi left behind a file of 14,500 index cards with information on the
subjects of his investigations, all drawn from publicly available sources.
His tiny studio also contained hundreds of books on art, politics,
banking, history and espionage that had served as source material for his
charts. In order to prepare the catalog for this show, Mr. Hobbs had to tease
out as best he could the factual underpinnings of each work. "In the end,"
he said, "I had to produce my own reading of them. I'm just suggesting one
set of narratives, but there are probably many others."
What kind of artist devotes his life to ferreting out global
conspiracies? Joe Amrhein, director of the Pierogi Gallery in
Williamsburg, Brooklyn, has represented Lombardi's work since 1998. He is
quick to distance Lombardi from the Hollywood stereotype of the crazy
conspiracy theorist. "He was not a paranoid," he said. "He was not a
negative person." Nor, Mr. Amrhein said, did Lombardi have a political ax
to grind. He noted wryly that "you probably need to have less
understanding about the connections to be political."
Instead, Mr. Amrhein said, "he was just completely fascinated by
connections, how one thing led to another, how the C.I.A. would back a
coup in Australia, someone would be murdered in Turkey and things would
happen in Indonesia."
LOMBARDI, who had a background in art history and worked at various
times as a reference librarian, a curator and a researcher, initially
conceived of his drawings as an adjunct to his unpublished writings on
complex events like the Reagan drug war and the savings and loan crises.
Eventually, he realized that the drawings were the real end product of his
research. At the time of his death, he was beginning to gain some
attention in the art world, receiving favorable notice for his solo shows
and invitations to appear in important group shows.
Since his death, he has received other kinds of notice as well. After
an article about Lombardi's work appeared in The Wall Street Journal,
several people called the Pierogi Gallery to inquire about buying not the
drawings but the collection of index cards. And in October 2001, an F.B.I.
agent showed up at the Whitney Museum, where Lombardi's drawing
"BCCI-ICIC-FAB, c. 1972-1991 (4th Version), 1996-2000," which is in the
museum's permanent collection, was on view, to examine it for information
on Al Qaeda's financial network.
Mr. Hobbs suggested that a renewed global awareness following Sept. 11
has intensified interest in Lombardi's work. "The real import of Mark's
work may not be understood for years," he said. "He presented us with the
image of a vast reservoir of money outside international boundaries and
limits. He gave us a picture of something we haven't seen before."
Mr. Amrhein put it a little differently: "His work shows us that these
things are always going on. People just forget about them from time to
time." Eleanor Heartney is an art critic living in New
York.
Спустя несколько недель после трагедии 11 сентября, агенты ФБР позвонили
в Музей Американского Искусства Уитни и попросили взглянуть на один из
экспонатов выставки, на рисунок Марка Ломбарди. За несколько месяцев до
этого художник был найден мертвым в своей квартире. Официальная версия
смерти — самоубийство — вызывала много сомнений. На огромном листе
бумаги карандашом Ломбарди нарисовал запутанную схему, изображающую
связи между миром глобальных финансов и международным терроризмом...За
несколько месяцев до трагедии 11 сентября художник Марк Ломбарди сделал
рисунок, где видна связь финансового мира и терроризма.
Те изображения, из-за которых он, скорее всего был убит...
Вновь начинаешь размышлять о том, что такое живопись...
- Это рисунок? - Конечно... - Сила воздействия есть? - Еще бы... - Чтобы понять, нужно вглядеться в детали... - Есть текст, но это не ново в живописи... - Это образ реальности? -Еще какой ТОЧНЫЙ! Абстракция и с ног сшибающая точность....